2022 Recommended Immunization Schedules
Immunization schedules for children, preteens, teens, and adults.
April 26, 2022
Immunization schedules for children, preteens, teens, and adults.
To summarize the evidence regarding potential adverse events in an accurate, concise, practical and standardized manner, we established the categories of causality conclusions.
Vaccines are made with a variety of ingredients including antigens, stabilizers, adjuvants, and preservatives; they may also contain residual by-products from the production process. Knowing
3 COVID-19 vaccines are authorized in the United States: two messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) and one viral vector vaccine (J&J).
Conclusion | Epidemiological Evidence | Proposed Biological Mechanism | Archives | ReferencesConclusion Older formulations of rabies vaccine did cause Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), but newer formulations of rabies vaccine have not been shown to
Conclusion Infections may trigger or contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis. Thus, vaccines may prevent arthritis by protecting against natural infections. Rubella-containing vaccines (e.g. MMR) can
Conclusion Natural infection with influenza can contribute to asthma exacerbation. Thus, influenza vaccine prevents asthma exacerbation by protecting against natural infection. Influenza vaccines do not
Conclusion Natural mumps and varicella infections are associated with acute cerebellar ataxia. Thus, mumps and varicella vaccines prevent ataxia by protecting against natural infection. Vaccines
Conclusion Natural infections with varicella, tetanus and diphtheria have each been associated with Bell’s Palsy. Thus, varicella, tetanus and diphtheria vaccines prevent Bell’s Palsy by
Conclusion Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S.* have not been shown to cause brachial neuritis. Epidemiological Evidence The 2012 report by the
Conclusion Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S.* have not been shown to cause chronic inflammatory disseminated polyneuropathy (CIDP). Epidemiological Evidence
Conclusion Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S.* have not been shown to cause complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Epidemiological Evidence The 2012
Conclusion Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S.* do not cause diabetes. Epidemiological Evidence The 2012 report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM)
Conclusion Disseminated varicella infection is a serious potential complication of natural infection with varicella virus, particularly among immunodeficient persons. Thus, varicella vaccine prevents disseminated varicella
Conclusion Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S.* have not been shown to cause erythema nodosum (EN). Epidemiological Evidence The 2012 report by
Conclusion Influenza vaccines reduce the risk of influenza infection, which causes Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Thus, influenza vaccines prevent GBS by protecting against natural influenza infection.
Conclusion Natural infections with viruses such as measles and mumps have been associated with both transient and permanent hearing loss. Thus, measles and mumps vaccines
Conclusion Natural infection with hepatitis viruses is known to cause hepatitis disease. Natural infection with measles, mumps, rubella and varicella viruses have also been associated
Conclusion Varicella vaccines can rarely cause herpes zoster due to vaccine-strain viral reactivation. Other vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S.* do not cause vaccine-strain
Conclusion Vaccines can very rarely cause immediate hypersensitivity reactions (i.e. anaphylaxis, angioedema, and/or hives) usually within minutes, but up to several hours of vaccination in persons with
Conclusion Natural viral infections such as influenza, varicella, measles, mumps and rubella are associated with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Thus, influenza, varicella, measles, mumps and
Conclusion Varicella vaccine in routine use in the United States can very rarely cause viral meningitis. Measles-containing vaccines can very rarely cause measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE). Mumps vaccines
Conclusion Influenza vaccines do not cause multiple sclerosis (MS). Other vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S.* have not been shown to cause MS. Epidemiological
Conclusion Myocardial infarction (MI) has been associated with natural influenza infection, and stroke has been associated with natural varicella infection, albeit both very rarely. Thus,
Conclusion Myocarditis can be induced by either viral or bacterial infection, notably developing in up to two thirds of persons infected with diphtheria. Thus, diphtheria
Conclusion The AS03-adjuvanted 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine (trade name: PandemrixTM) was associated with an increased risk of narcolepsy in several northern European countries. In
Conclusion Vaccines in routine use in the United States* have not been shown to cause oculorespiratory syndrome (ORS). Vaccines in routine use in the United States* have not
Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S.* have not been shown to cause OMS.
Conclusion Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S.* have not been shown to cause optic neuritis or neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Epidemiological Evidence The
The 2012 report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), now called the National Academy of Medicine (NAM), did not assess POI as a potential outcome of vaccination.
Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S.* have not been shown to cause serum sickness.
Conclusion Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S.39F* have not been shown to cause small fiber neuropathy (SFN). Epidemiological Evidence The
Conclusion: Vaccines currently routinely recommended for pregnant women in the U.S. have not been shown to cause spontaneous abortion (SAb). Why this is an issue:
Conclusion DTP and hepatitis B vaccines do not cause sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Other vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the
Conclusion Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S.41F* can rarely cause syncope up to an hour after vaccination, most frequently among
Conclusion Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S.42F* have not been shown to cause systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Epidemiological evidence The
Conclusion Natural viral infections with influenza, hepatitis A, measles, mumps and rubella and varicella have all been associated with transverse myelitis, albeit rarely. Thus, these
Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S have not been shown to cause vasculitis or PAN.
Table updated January 15 2021 (Aluminum content updated September 27 2022; amounts are unchanged but details have been added regarding types of aluminum) Print Version
Recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Infants All infants without contraindications should receive the conjugate Hib vaccine series; either as 3 doses
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommendations Infants All infants without contraindications should receive two doses of hepatitis A vaccine (trade names: Havrix®, Vaqta®) between
ACIP Recs | Disease | Vaccine | References | VIS | WHO modules Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommendations Infants All medically stable infants weighing ≥2,000 grams without contraindications should receive the first dose
Conversations about vaccines with many patients can be easy. For some patients, vaccines can be a difficult topic. Talking with patients about uncomfortable topics can
ACIP Recs | Disease | Vaccine | References | VIS | WHO modules Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommendations Adolescents and Adults All males and females without contraindications ages 11-12 years should receive two
ACIP Recs | Disease | Vaccine | References | VIS live | VIS inactivated Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommendations All Age Groups All persons without contraindications who are at least 6 months of
This site contains useful information on vaccines that are routinely recommended for most children, adolescents, adults and pregnant women in the United States. This information
IVS is a partner in the Global Vaccine Data Network™ and consortium creating Safety by Numbers, a newsletter supporting vaccine safety communication.
ACIP Recs | Disease | Vaccine | References | VIS | WHO modules Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommendations Infants and Children• All children without contraindications should receive two doses of measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine
ACIP Recs | Disease | Vaccine | References | VIS ACWY | VIS MenB | WHO modules Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommendations Adolescents• All adolescents 11-18 years of age without contraindications should receive two doses
Safety standards for vaccines are very high given they are used among healthy persons for prevention rather than treatment and it is often difficult to
VACCINE ▼ ANTIGENS ▼ MANUFACTURER ▼ LATEST PI ▼ BioThrax Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Emergent BioSolutions 2015 – 11 BCG Vaccine Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin
ACIP Recs | Disease | Vaccine | References | VIS Conjugate | VIS Polysaccharide | WHO modules Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommendations InfantsAll infants without contraindications should receive four doses of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
ACIP Recs | Disease | Vaccine | References | VIS | WHO modules Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommendations Infants and Children• All infants without contraindications should receive 3 doses of inactivated polio vaccine (abbreviation:
Summaries of the Evidence This section addresses the numerous potential adverse events that have been studied in order to determine if an association exists with
Table updated January 15 2021 Print Version of Table (pdf) | download Adobe Acrobat Reader (free) Components Page Excipients Table Excipient ▼ Purpose ▼ Vaccine Name ▼ Vaccine
The practices and beliefs of various religious groups can seemingly be in conflict with some of the components of some vaccines. The information below touches on some of these topics and provides links to articles and webpages expanding on these issues.
ACIP Recs | Disease | Vaccine | References | VIS | WHO modules Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommendations Infants and Children• All infants without contraindications should receive the rotavirus vaccine series; consisting of
Conclusion Vaccines can cause SIRVA (shoulder injury related to vaccination) when administered incorrectly. Epidemiological Evidence The primary evidence supporting a causal association includes clinical assessment and imaging
Conclusion Vaccines can cause SIRVA (shoulder injury related to vaccination) when administered incorrectly. Evidence The primary evidence supporting a causal association includes clinical assessment and imaging studies
ACIP Recs | Disease | Vaccine | Sources & References | VIS (DTaP) VIS(Tdap) VIS(Td) | WHO modules Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommendations Infants and Children• All infants without contraindications should receive three doses of
Information summaries are provided for each vaccine currently routinely recommended for children, adolescents, adults, and pregnant women in the United States, along with the diseases
It is law in all US states that children be properly immunized before attending school. However, in addition to medical exemptions offered in each state, the vast majority of states allow for religious exemptions and various states allow personal belief exemptions for daycare and school.
List of all National Academy of Medicine (formerly Institute of Medicine) safety reports.
Smallpox and yellow fever vaccinations should not be given to women who are currently breastfeeding. Both vaccine viruses have been transmitted to infants from breastfeeding
Below is a table summarizing the recommended use of vaccines during pregnancy in the U.S. Included in this table is information most relevant to women
Established in 1990, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is a national early warning system to detect possible safety problems in U.S.-licensed vaccines. VAERS
ACIP Recs | Disease | Vaccine | References | VIS | WHO modules Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommendations Infants and Children • All children without contraindications should receive two doses of varicella vaccine
Vaccine Information Statements: VISs are sheets developed by the US CDC that detail benefits and risks of a vaccine. Before a dose of vaccine is
There are three different COVID-19 vaccines currently available in the United States (US). Below we describe these vaccines and summarize the available data on study
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